基于决策树算法的热毒宁注射液金银花青蒿醇沉过程质量控制研究

目的基于决策树算法,深入挖掘热毒宁注射液金银花青蒿醇沉过程(金青醇沉)数据并探究潜在生产规律,提升该过程质量控制水平。方法依托数字化中药提取工厂数据平台收集205批金银花和青蒿浸膏(金青浸膏)历史数据并整合成数据矩阵。将数据集随机划分为训练集和测试集后分别采用分类与回归树(classification and regression tree,CART)、随机森林(random forests,RF)和TreeNet算法建立金青醇沉过程模型,比较各模型性能并基于历史数据划分关键变量控制范围。结果 RF和TreeNet模型性能较好且性能接近,综合各模型分析结果得出醇提罐料液比及金银花浓缩收率为重要的影响因素,对重要变量进行依存度分析并优选批次,并以优选批次的金银花分配浸膏质量及加醇量做控制图,密度为1.11 g/cm3的金银花浸膏分配控制范围为557.92～639.62 kg,加醇量的控制范围为3.370～3.828 m3;密度为1.12 g/cm3的金银花浸膏的控制范围为540.4～616.9 kg,加醇量的控制范围为3.317～3.859 m~3。结论决策树算法建立的金青浸膏醇沉过程模型能够有效地挖掘潜在的生产过程规律,为生产过程的质量控制提升提供技术支撑。     

Spectrotemporal dynamics of the EEG during working memory encoding and maintenance predicts individual behavioral capacity

We investigated the effect of memory load on encoding and maintenance of information in working memory. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded while participants performed a modified Sternberg visual memory task. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to factorise the EEG signals into distinct temporal activations to perform spectrotemporal analysis and localisation of source activities. We found ‘encoding’ and ‘maintenance’ operations were correlated with negative and positive changes in α‐band power, respectively. Transient activities were observed during encoding of information in the bilateral cuneus, precuneus, inferior parietal gyrus and fusiform gyrus, and a sustained activity in the inferior frontal gyrus. Strong correlations were also observed between changes in α‐power and behavioral performance during both encoding and maintenance. Furthermore, it was also found that individuals with higher working memory capacity experienced stronger neural oscillatory responses during the encoding of visual objects into working memory. Our results suggest an interplay between two distinct neural pathways and different spatiotemporal operations during the encoding and maintenance of information which predict individual differences in working memory capacity observed at the behavioral level.     

Triad-conditioning Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease

BackgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to reveal excitability changes of the primary motor cortex (M1) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Abnormal rhythmic neural activities are considered to play pathophysiological roles in the motor symptoms of PD. The cortical responses to external rhythmic stimulation have not been studied in PD. We recently reported a new method of triad-conditioning TMS to detect the excitability changes after rhythmic conditioning stimuli, which induce facilitation by 40-Hz stimulation in healthy volunteers.ObjectiveWe applied a triad-conditioning TMS to PD patients to reveal the motor cortical response characteristics to rhythmic TMS.MethodsThe subjects included 13 PD patients and 14 healthy volunteers. Three conditioning stimuli over M1 at an intensity of 110% active motor threshold preceded the test TMS at various inter-stimulus intervals corresponding to 10–200 Hz.ResultsThe triad-conditioning TMS at 40 Hz induced no MEP enhancement in PD patients in either the On or Off state, in contrast to the facilitation observed in the normal subjects. Triad-conditioning TMS at 20–33 Hz in the beta frequency elicited significant MEP suppression in PD patients. The amount of suppression at 20 Hz positively correlated with the UPDRS III score.ConclusionWe observed abnormal M1 responses to rhythmic TMS in PD. The suppression induced by beta frequency stimulation and no facilitation by 40-Hz stimulation may be related to abnormal beta and gamma band activities within the cortical-basal ganglia network in PD patients. The motor cortical response to rhythmic TMS may be an additional method to detect physiological changes in humans.     

Comparison of phosphotungstate and dextran sulfate-Mg2+ precipitation procedures for determination of high density lipoprotein cholesterol

Because of the controversy over the best method for assaying high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the clinical laboratory, a commonly used phosphotungstate method for precipitating low density and very low density lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL) was compared with a recently recommended dextran sulfate precipitation method. The accuracy and precision of HDL cholesterol determinations were similar for both methods. Either of these procedures would appear to be equally satisfactory for the assay of HDL cholesterol in the clinical laboratory.     

DKI联合ALFF在全面特发性癫痫患者基底核-丘脑-皮层环路中的应用

目的 采用弥散峰度成像(DKI)及低频振幅(ALFF)技术观察全面特发性癫痫(IGE)患者白质纤维束以及脑功能异常的脑区。方法 选取符合纳入标准的IGE患者(病例组,n=24)及与之相匹配的健康志愿者(对照组,n=24)。DKI数据分析采用基于纤维束示踪的空间统计(TBSS)方法,将相关参数值与患者病程行相关性分析;ALFF分析采用静息态脑功能数据辅助处理(DPARSF)及SPM方法。结果 病例组右侧内囊前肢、左侧外囊、胼胝体膝部各向异性(FA)值较对照组显著减低(P均<0.05);两组平均弥散(MD)值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); DKI分析发现病例组双侧前辐射冠、上辐射冠、内囊前肢、内囊后肢以及胼胝体(膝部、体部)平均峰度(MK)值显著减低(P<0.05)。FA值和MK值与病程的相关性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ALFF显著升高区域为双侧额叶、双侧壳核、右侧丘脑以及左侧尾状核;ALFF显著减低区域为右侧颞叶、双侧楔前叶以及双侧枕叶。结论 DKI联合ALFF可为进一步揭示IGE的发病机制提供影像学依据。     

低频电体操对脑卒中患者运动功能障碍早期康复的作用

采用低频电体操对73例脑卒中患者运动功能障碍进行早期康复治疗，并采用Fugl-Meyer评分法对治疗前后的运动功能进行评定分析，与对照组相比，治疗组患者的运动及关节活动度积分显著增高（P＜0．01），从而说明低频电体操是脑卒中患者运动功能障碍早期康复的一种全新的、切实有效的治疗方法。     

菊芋蛋白的提取及其降血糖作用研究

目的 :比较菊芋蛋白两种提取方法的蛋白质提取率,并做菊芋蛋白降血糖研究。方法 :菊芋采用丙酮沉淀法和硫酸铵盐析法提取蛋白质,以蛋白质含量为指标,优选蛋白质提取率高的提取方法,并通过小鼠体内降血糖实验,评价菊芋蛋白的降血糖效果。结果:丙酮沉淀法蛋白提取率为11.30%,硫酸铵盐析法提取率为10.80%;降糖作用研究表明,菊芋蛋白高剂量组降血糖作用明显。结论:丙酮沉淀法提取率高,菊芋蛋白具有降血糖的效果。     

黄连解毒汤自沉淀化学成分及其抗PC12细胞损伤研究

目的探讨黄连解毒汤(HJD)自沉淀制备条件,测定自沉淀主要成分量及自沉淀对PC12细胞损伤模型的保护作用。方法以提取时间和投水量为影响因素,确定自沉淀的制备工艺;采用HPLC法,测定自沉淀中黄芩苷、小檗碱、栀子苷、巴马汀、黄连碱、汉黄芩苷的量;采用CCK-8法评价HJD上清液、自沉淀对CoCl_2损伤的PC12细胞模型作用。结果在10倍量水回流提取30 min的煎煮条件下,干燥后HJD自沉淀质量约占上清液质量的10%,自沉淀中81.28%的成分为酸碱性化合物,其中黄芩苷占42.12%,小檗碱占31.17%,黄连碱占5.89%,汉黄芩苷占1.50%,巴马汀占0.60%,未检测到中性成分栀子苷。上清液、自沉淀对CoCl_2损伤的PC12细胞的EC50值分别28.25、19.58μg/m L。结论自沉淀制备工艺操作简单,重复性好,通过成分分析,得出自沉淀的形成机制以酸碱络合为主的假想;与上清液相比,自沉淀表现出较好的神经保护活性,为HJD的二次开发提供参考。     

热毒宁注射液青蒿金银花浓缩过程近红外快速定量检测方法的建立

目的建立热毒宁注射液青蒿金银花醇沉浓缩过程主要药效成分的定量校正模型,实现生产过程在线监控。方法采用近红外光谱技术(NIRS)结合偏最小二乘法(PLSR)分别建立新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸的定量校正模型。结果新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸定量校正模型的决定系数(R~2)分别为0.954 5、0.975 2、0.9691;校正集误差均方根(RMSEC)为0.213、0.676、0.225,交叉验证集误差均方根(RMSECV)分别为0.233、0.692、0.258。采用所建模型进行在线分析,新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸的预测值与实测值的决定系数分别为0.984 2、0.983 7、0.9870,预测相对误差(RPD)分别为4.77、5.29、4.37,预测相对偏差(RSEP)分别为3.519%、3.778%、3.895%。结论所建的模型可以用于热毒宁注射液青蒿金银花醇沉浓缩过程中新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸的在线定量测定。